Learning Outcomes for the Study Units:

Basic Life Support (BLS)

1. Demonstrate Proficiency in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Participants will be able to perform high-quality CPR on adult, child, and infant manikins according to established guidelines, including proper hand placement, compression depth, rate, and recoil.
2. Utilize Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) Effectively: Participants will understand the indications for AED use and demonstrate the ability to operate AED equipment safely and effectively during simulated cardiac arrest scenarios.
3. Manage Choking Emergencies: Participants will be able to recognize and respond to choking emergencies promptly, applying appropriate techniques such as abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) or back blows and chest thrusts for infants.
4. Assess and Prioritize Care: Participants will develop the ability to assess a victim’s condition quickly and accurately, prioritize interventions based on the severity of the situation, and initiate appropriate care while awaiting further assistance.

Trauma Management

1. Perform Rapid Trauma Assessments: Participants will demonstrate proficiency in conducting rapid trauma assessments to identify life-threatening injuries and prioritize treatment interventions accordingly.
2. Control External Hemorrhage: Participants will learn and practice various techniques for controlling external bleeding, including direct pressure, elevation, pressure dressings, and tourniquet application when indicated.
3. Immobilize and Splint Injuries: Participants will be able to immobilize and splint suspected fractures or dislocations using appropriate techniques and materials, minimizing further injury and discomfort for the patient.
4. Manage Environmental Emergencies: Participants will understand the principles of managing environmental emergencies such as hypothermia, heat-related illness, and altitude sickness, including prevention, recognition, and initial treatment measures.

Airway Management

1. Establish and Maintain Open Airway: Participants will demonstrate proficiency in establishing and maintaining a patent airway using manual airway maneuvers, airway adjuncts (e.g., oral and nasal airways), and positioning techniques.
2. Administer Oxygen Therapy: Participants will understand the indications for oxygen therapy and demonstrate the proper administration of oxygen via various delivery devices, including nasal cannula, non-rebreather mask, and bag-valve-mask ventilation.
3. Recognize and Manage Airway Obstructions: Participants will learn to recognize and respond to airway obstructions (partial and complete) in conscious and unconscious patients, employing appropriate techniques such as abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) and manual clearing of the airway.

Medical Emergencies

1. Identify and Assess Common Medical Emergencies: Participants will develop the ability to recognize signs and symptoms of common medical emergencies such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetic emergencies, allergic reactions, and seizures.
2. Initiate Basic Interventions: Participants will be able to initiate basic interventions to stabilize patients with medical emergencies, including positioning for comfort and safety, administering aspirin for suspected heart attacks, and assisting with prescribed medications (e.g., epinephrine auto-injectors).
3. Communicate Effectively with Medical Personnel: Participants will understand the importance of effective communication with medical professionals and emergency medical services (EMS), providing concise and accurate information about the patient’s condition, interventions performed, and response to treatment.

Incident Management

1. Apply Principles of Incident Command: Participants will understand the principles of incident command systems (ICS) and demonstrate the ability to establish and maintain an organized command structure at the scene of an emergency, delegating responsibilities and coordinating resources effectively.
2. Ensure Scene Safety: Participants will learn to assess and mitigate potential hazards at emergency scenes, including environmental dangers, traffic hazards, and violence, ensuring the safety of responders, bystanders, and patients.
3. Coordinate Resources and Personnel: Participants will develop the skills to coordinate resources and personnel effectively, including requesting additional assistance as needed, managing bystander involvement, and maintaining clear communication channels throughout the incident.